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Is the world on the brink of cyber war?

Iran claims cyber war is deadlier than physical attacks - is it paranoia, or reality? (Image: Rex)
Iran claims cyber war is deadlier than physical attacks - is it paranoia, or reality? (Image: Rex)

A spokesperson for the Iranian military said this week that the country viewed cyber war as MORE dangerous than physical attacks.

Iran has already been victim of a cyber attack designed to damage equipment at its Busehr nuclear plant. The attack is thought to have been ordered by the U.S.

"We have armed ourselves with new tools, because a cyber war is more dangerous than a physical war," said Abdollah Araqi, deputy commander of ground forces in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).

But is this paranoia - or a justifiable fear of a new kind of invisible war?


President Obama was the victim of cyber crime in 2008, with hackers rifling through his campaign website and stealing emails in an attack the President described as a 'powerful reminder' of the scope of cyber crime.

But the President is also widely suspected of having personally issued orders regarding the Stuxnet worm, a sophisticated attack which targeted Iran's Busehr nuclear plant, with the aim of destroying equipment by spinning it out of control.

David Sanger's book Confront and Conceal alleges that the President was not only fully aware of the attack, he ordered it to continue after the worm spread beyond the initial computers it was built to target.

America is widely thought to be the 'world leader' in cyber weaponry - with a history of hi-tech attacks that stretches back to a CIA attack on a Russian oil pipeline, thought to be have been blown up with corrupted software in 1982. One of the predecessors of the internet, ARPANET, was funded by a wing of the U.S military.

The same wing's successor, DARPA  - the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency - is currently soliciting bids for a new Plan X capability to help with 'managing cyberwarfare'.

Defence companies are open - at least off the record - about the fact there are 'black' versions of the defensive software and hardware they sell to governments and private enterprise.

These are the test-beds built to refine cyber weapons. More than 100 nations are thought to be developing some kind of cyber weapon capability.

'It's a very complex problem,' says Kevin Haley, Norton's Director of Security Response, 'There need to be treaties about cyberspace, and more rules around this. There needs to be more regulations - and more enforcement of existing laws.'

At present, cyberspace is something of a Wild West - with states able to disown cyber attacks as the work of rogue individuals.

As a result, it's often difficult to tell whether 'cyber war' is an illusion dreamed up by defence companies - or whether it's already happening.

Chinese hackers penetrated Nasa systems including ones used to manoeuvre the International Space Station. The Chinese government has always denied any association with such cyber attacks, but it is suspected of having been behind cyber attacks stretching as far back as 2003 and the sustained 'Titan Rain' attacks against US companies. 

In 2011, U.S. government accounts were penetrated by hackers in China, after their Google Mail accounts were hacked. The targeting of government officials led many to suspect the Chinese government was involved - and the attacks originated in Jinan, home of the Chinese army's 'Technical Reconnaissance Bureaus.'

'Blaming these misdeeds on China is unacceptable,' said Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Hong Lei after the attacks.

'Hacking is an international problem and China is also a victim. The claims of so-called support for hacking are completely unfounded.'
Google's Mail service now has a specific warning that states, 'We believe state-sponsored attackers are attempting to compromise your account.'

'When we have specific intelligence—either directly from users or from our own monitoring efforts—we show clear warning signs,' Google said in a blog post. 'Today, we're taking that a step further for a subset of our users, who we believe may be the target of state-sponsored attacks.'

A series of linked attacks by Russian cyber attackers blacked out banks, newspapers, comment websites and government websites in Estonia in 2007, after a dispute between the two countries over the relocation of a Soviet-era grave marker.

It was widely speculated that the Kremlin had ordered the attacks.

With other attacks, the sheer sophistication of the software hints that nations must have been involved. Run-of the-mill hackers don't spend $1 million up front on software - the amount the Stuxnet worm is thought to have cost to develop. It is thought to have taken at least six months to create.

Stuxnet is thought to have been part of a family of related malicious software packages - including Duqu, used to steal data from computers in the Middle East, all created by governments, perhaps the United States in collaboration with other powers. In cyber war, governments will have a serious advantage over smaller groups.

But the sheer unpredictability of 'rogue' hackers may give them an advantage the lumbering machinery of government can't deal with.

'The challenge with hacktivist groups,' says Norton's Director of Security Response, Kevin Haley, 'Is that they are a non-state actor. So far, they haven't achieved great things - they have stolen people's logins and passwords and launched denial of service attacks. But we don't know where they will attack - or what.'




Paris Motor Show 2012: Superfast cars

They are fast, they are furious and they are the jaw-droppers of any car show. Here we showcase some of the stunning supercars on display in the City of Light.

1 McLaren P1

Hints are all that have been dished out to the world, with 600bhp per tonne and 'more than 240mph' among them. McLaren is designing this to be the 'Ultimate Car', with F1-sourced drag reduction systems and extremely advanced materials so that every panel has aerodynamic purpose. Prepare to want one. Badly.


2 2012 Nissan Juke-R

Unveiled initially as a mad concept that wiped the floor with conventional supercars in an unofficial 'street' race in an Middle Eastern city, the flurry of large cheques being signed on the spot meant Nissan had no choice but to build it for real. Underneath the skin it's a 2012 GT-R - the Italians should worry.


3 2013 Lamborghini Gallar …

Speaking of the Italians, here's the new Gallardo. It's very much like the old one except the exterior styling wick seems to have been turned down a notch. The interior quality is very high quality though, and obviously customers should expect enough brutal performance to melt their trousers.


4 2012 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG …

After what must have been a mighty drinking session, Mercedes and AMG decided the SLS wasn't hard enough. Cue a GT racing programme-inspired uber-SLS; stiffer, tauter and lighter. Biblical performance comes from an uprated 583bhp 6.2-litre V8, and the noise should be epic.


5 2012 Porsche Panamera G …This is Porsche's performance-biased four-wheel-drive Panamera, built as much for oversteering around racetracks as it is for cruising up the M1. Power is a relatively modest 424bhp but the way the big Porsche delivers it is devastating. Lots of traction means huge acceleration.



6 2012 Bentley Continental …

This is the company's new performance flagship, and what more do you need to know? Top speed is over 200mph, power reaches a staggering 616bhp and 100mph is dispatched in nine seconds flat. Luxury is a Bentley priority as ever, and the GT Speed is as stacked with it.


7 2013 Audi R8 V10 Plus

If there are any R8 V10 owners out there who just don't think their car is quite fast enough, there's this. It's lighter and faster, with an improved 543bhp V10 engine slung up behind the seats along with a new set of vital stats: 0-62mph in 3.5 seconds and a top speed knocking on the door of 200mph.

8 2012 Chevrolet Corvette

Anyone who likes their acceleration delivered in one massive torque-laden chunk will hold the Corvette as a firm favourite. A huge engine and long gearing give this incredibly rapid American the sort of relentless, hilarious acceleration that a group of people wearing cardigans are probably trying to have banned.


9 2012 Porsche 911 Carrera …

The Carrera 4 and 4S are new at Paris, maintaining the tradition of coming with a wider body than the rear-wheel-drive Carrera and S. There's no doubt it's a more shapely car, and with lap times tumbling from the previous generation's best, the 911 is more of a classic than ever.


10 2012 Ferrari F12 Berli …

Not much needs to be said about the F12. A brand new V12 engine pushing out 730bhp at over 8,000rpm makes it one of the fastest supercars in the business, aerodynamic downforce of 123kg at 124mph makes it devastating on tracks and the way it looks… well, just look at it.





iPhone 5 defines Apple success, Tim Cook-style


Tim Cook is no Steve Jobs when it comes to leading Apple Inc (NSQ:AAPL). As the debut of the new iPhone 5 just proved, that may not be a bad thing.


The taller, thinner and lighter phone prompted a rush on Wall Street to raise price targets for Apple stock, but the optimism was not because of a big technological advance or design breakthrough; the "wow" factor that was the trademark of the late Apple co-founder Jobs was decidedly absent.


Rather, it was the speed of the global launch that astounded, validating the new CEO's much-touted wizardry at the essential but unglamorous task of managing a supply chain.

"We are positively surprised regarding the pace of the rollout, since we had expected a bigger impact from component constraints," Barclays analyst Ben Reitzes said.

By next Friday, the iPhone 5 will be in 31 countries, and will be in 100 by the end of the calendar year. That would be 30 more than the rollout of the predecessor phone, the 4S, over a similar period, Jeffries analyst Peter Misek calculated.


That means Apple has worked out supply constraints and inked deals now with 240 carriers. It will get enough phones out the door in the next 10 days to have a material effect on earnings.



"His skills fit the time period and the flow of product," said Raymond Miles, professor emeritus at Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, adding that Apple may be at a stage where it needs "someone with a production vision."

The iPhone launch offers some other, subtler indications of how Apple is changing under Cook. In public events, Jobs stood out in his black turtleneck, an d performed carefully crafted one-man stage shows. At the press event for the iPhone 5, Cook blended into a pack of executives all sporting a uniform of jeans and untucked casual dress shirt.

Indeed, one might say that practical, low-flash, but high-impact actions are emerging as the Cook trademark. He has introduced a dividend to pay out part of the more than $100 billion cash stockpile, raised salaries for a rabidly loyal but low-paid workforce in the Apple stories, and sped up product rollouts.


Under Cook, more Wall Street analysts have been invited to headquarters to talk to executives, particularly Chief Financial Officer Peter Oppenheimer and head of Internet services Eddy Cue. Cook himself addressed investors at a Goldman Sachs conference, a rarity for Apple executives, and initiated investigations into allegations of labor abuse in its supply chain.


APPLE MAPS PROBLEMS

Insiders say he is a refreshing presence after the prickly Jobs, who was admired but feared. Cook is also known for his ability to track vast amount of data and zero in on a critical parameter.


One person familiar with the CEO notes that under Cook, the company has continued to rapidly increase its revenue, retain all the senior executives, maintain its product rollout schedule and avoid huge blunders.


On the flip side, the imbroglio over the sub-par mapping software in the iPhone 5 suggests that Jobs' obsessive perfectionism and attention to user experience is already being missed.


Apple Maps, which offers soaring 'flyover' views of major cities, has displaced Google Maps on the new iPhone software. But the new program has no public transit directions, limited traffic information, and flat-out mistakes, such as putting one city in the middle of the ocean.


"Apple made this maps change despite its shortcomings because they put their own priorities for corporate strategy ahead of user experience," said Anil Dash, a widely followed technology pundit, reflecting widespread annoyance and consternation.

Jobs would have put the whole company to work on the problem, as each negative review of the widely used feature would have irked him, said the person familiar with Apple's inner workings. The issue facing Cook now is how fast he reacts to the Maps problem and how quickly it gets fixed, the person said.


Jobs himself allowed email synchronization software MobileMe to launch in 2008, to deadly reviews. Fortune magazine reported Jobs telling the entire development group, "You should hate each other for having let each other down" and immediately replaced the group's head.

"No CEO, not even Steve Jobs, would be able to catch all the problems in every new feature of a new complicated product, like the iPhone 5," said Harvard Business School professor David Yoffie. "The big question is how will Tim respond now?"

More broadly, there is also the question of whether Apple under Cook can produce products that are revolutionary rather than evolutionary. His products thus far - the iPhone, the new iPod line and an expected iPad mini - represent improvements, rather than game changers.


In the meantime, Cook is topping Jobs' sales record: IPhone 5 preorders hit 2 million in 24 hours, twice the level of the 4S, and analysts expect a smaller iPad mini in October.

Investors do not seem to need much more convincing about Cook's ability to captain the ship: the average price target for Apple stock is now $763, up 6 percent from a month ago, thanks to analysts raising targets in the wake of the "wow-less" launch event.





How hackers turn YOU into a cyber criminal

http://realitypod.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/hacker2.png


For around $3 a day, you can 'rent' a swarm of PCs around the world - untraceable 'slave' machines which you use to browse illegal sites, send spam or launch cyber attacks.

For just a little more, you can rent thousands.

The PCs, of course, are innocent victims - infected machines under total control of cyber crime gangs.

The machines are used for everything from cyber attacks to blackmail to hosting illegal files, all under the command of gang masters far away.

The only sign their owners might notice is that the adverts they see in their web browser have suddenly changed. Today's malware is built to be invisible.


One of the bitterest ironies of cyber crime is that if you are duped into clicking on a spam email, one of the first things that could happen after illegal software has flooded into your computer, is that you'll become a spammer yourself.

Once computers are remote-controlled by cyber criminals, they are referred to as 'zombies' - and for many criminals, the real value in an infected PC is over the long haul.

Gangs tend to specialise. Some criminals will use software that steal bank account details. Others will compromise a PC, then put it up for auction to other criminals.

But for all of them, the main goal is to stay 'at the helm' of the PC they've breached.

'They always make sure they're invisible,' says Orla Cox, Security Operations Manager at Symantec Security Response, 'They want to make sure they stay in your computer.'

'The hacker just wants control,' says Norton's Director of Security Response, Kevin Haley, 'Once he has control, he can use your machine to send spam, or to mount attacks.'

Several reports have claimed that paedophiles use 'zombie' computers to remotely store child pornography, including an Associated Press investigation of dozens of such attacks.

By the time the huge 'botnets' - networks of infected PCs controlled by spammers - are deactivated by the authorities, the gangs that control them have had ample warning to move their activities elsewhere.

Botnets are so common that prices can be extremely low. A study found that renting 1,000 machines could be as little as $9 (£6) an hour in 2010 - and this year, prices for renting infected machines are as low as $3 a day, according to researchers from Kaspersky, analysing the TDLL-TDS-4 botnet. Payment is accepted via common credit cards such as MasterCard and Visa.

High-profile 'DDOS' - distributed denial of service - attacks used to knock company websites off the internet, rely on the same 'botnets' - huge networks of zombie computers, which each send dozens or hundreds of requests to the site under attack.

The confidence of some gangs in their weaponry is such that DDOS attacks are used to blackmail sites such as online bookmakers in the run up to major events - or simply in a hi-tech version of protection rackets.

'Hello. If you want to continue having your site operational, you must pay us 10 000 rubles monthly,' said one extortion letter sent out to web masters.

'Attention! Starting as of now our site will be a subject to a DDoS attack. Your site will remain unavailable until you pay us. The first attack will involve 2,000 bots. If you contact the companies involved in the protection of DDoS-attacks and they begin to block our bots, we will increase the number of bots to 50 000, and the protection of 50 000 bots is very, very expensive.'

Zombie PCs also often become spammers themselves, sending out dozens of infected emails to friends, or even people you don't know - and building the botnets even further, as their criminal masters fade into the background.

'A huge amount of malware is still spread through email attachments,' says Orla Cox. 'Although there's an increase in high-tech methods such as 'drive-by downloads', where infected advertising banners and websites are used to spread malicious software, the 'traditional' way of spreading infection via spam is still hugely popular.'

'The social engineering is becoming cleverer,' says Cox. 'You'll receive a fake package order, fake invoices - but when you click on the attachment, your computer becomes infected.'

Up-to-date protection software and an updated operating system such as Windows will help to defend against such infections before they occur - a much easier way to stay safe than the often-lengthy process of repairing the damage after it occurs.

It's also worth noting that law enforcement won't treat you as a criminal if you are a victim of this sort of attack. But the best defence of all is, of course, not being a victim in the first place.




Pictures of the Week





Top chef shortcuts to save you time in the kitchen

There's not always a great deal of time in the week to cook. Check out these time-saving tips that are often used in professional kitchens, but can also save you some time, too.


 
Multi-task

Chefs don't stand around waiting for water to boil or the oven to heat up. Do as they do and get on with other jobs in the meantime. Wash, peel and chop vegetables, lay the table or get the drinks ready. That way, as soon as everything's heated up, you can start cooking straight away and have dinner on the table in less time – because all the other jobs are done.

Peel like a pro
Peeling certain vegetables can be fiddly and time-consuming. Take a tip from Patrick Drake, former stagiaire at The Fat Duck and owner of Hello Fresh. For garlic, don't stand around picking at the papery skin with your fingers. "To do it more quickly," Patrick says, "place the flat side of a large knife on your garlic clove and give it a little whack." The skin will immediately split and fall off, leaving your garlic peeled in seconds.

Ginger can be fiddly, too. "Put the samurai kitchen knife away and use the edge of a spoon instead," Patrick suggests. "Hold the ginger in one hand and the spoon in the other, then simply use the edge of the spoon to scrape off the skin. Minimal waste, minimal effort. Just the way we like it."

Prepare ahead
You'll be surprised at how much is pre-prepared in a professional kitchen, but this all saves time when the dinner rush is on.

Potatoes can be peeled and chopped for making chips or for roasting – leave them in a bowl of water in the fridge and just drain and pat dry with a clean towel before using.

Gravy, stuffing and salads can also be prepared in advance, saving you time later on. And with poached eggs, many restaurants cook them beforehand until runny, plunge into cold water and then reheat in boiling water when needed. A handy trick if you're cooking for lots of people.

Choose foods that naturally cook quickly
Fresh noodles and pasta might cost a little more, but if your priority is time, they cook in just a few minutes. Gnocchi only takes around three minutes to boil, so try this when time is tight instead of dried pasta, which can take around 10 minutes.

Fish fillets generally cook quicker than meat, and seafood such as prawns and scallops cook even quicker. Also, slice vegetables and meat thinly for even speedier results in the kitchen.

Get the kettle on
Using a kettle to heat water will take far less time than waiting for it to boil on the stove. Next time you're boiling pasta, rice or vegetables, flick the kettle on and you'll have boiling water in around one to two minutes. Boil it from cold, on the hob, and expect to wait eight to nine minutes before you can tip in your pasta.

Clear up as you go along

Professional chefs always work in a clean, organized space, meaning they work quicker. Leave your vegetable peelings, empty packets and dirty chopping boards strewn across the worktop and you'll work less efficiently.

Pop empty packets and peelings in the bin as you go along, and you'll also save yourself tidying up time afterwards.

If you have some time while you're waiting for a lasagne to bake, for example, start washing up what you've used so far, instead of sitting down to watch TV. You'll have less clearing up to do at the end of the meal and can then sit down and relax.




iPhone 5 Impresses Early Reviewers: Review Roundup


The iPhone 5 is set to hit store shelves on Sept. 21. A few lucky reviewers, however, have already gotten the chance to spend a few days with the device and craft their reviews of the latest-generation of the iconic smartphone.

So what are they saying?

Overall, reviewers are pretty impressed with the update. The phone's hardware has earned accolades from every reviewer across the board -- they love both how the new phone feels and looks.

Reviewers also laud the iPhone's new 4-inch screen, although not all are in love with how some current apps -- not yet having been adjusted for its new size -- look on the latest device's screen.

The same can be said for Apple's new Lighting connector, which is able to transfer data faster than Apple's previous connector. But the headache of not being able to use some accessories – and lack of support for iPod out, a specification used in many cars – was a problem for many.

Here are some choice quotes from early reviews:

Engadget: "Image quality is still among the best out there for a cameraphone, unimproved but quite impressive in varying conditions. What has improved, though, is the speed. Tap that big ol' thumb as quick as you can and the iPhone 5 will keep up, whereas the iPhone 4S eventually fell behind. It's at least on par with the Galaxy Nexus, which also has a ridiculously quick shooter."

CNET: "The iPhone 5 is the iPhone we've wanted since 2010, adding long-overdue upgrades like a larger screen and faster 4G LTE in a razor-sharp new design. This is the iPhone, rebooted."

The Loop: "If there is one problem I had with the iPhone, it would be with the apps that weren't designed for the larger screen. We're used to going to the bottom of the screen for the menu, but because the older apps are centered on the screen, the menus aren't there. I tap a few times before I realize I have to move my thumb up a little bit. It's a minor quirk that will go away as soon as the developers update their apps."

All Things Digital: "I found the new iPhone screen much easier to hold and manipulate than its larger rivals and preferred it. In my view, Apple's approach makes the phone far more comfortable to use, especially one-handed."

Slashgear: "The combination of the sturdy casing and premium materials means the iPhone 5 doesn't feel cheap. In fact, like a good haircut, picking up the new model doesn't feel like a drastic change or departure from what came before. It's familiar enough to be usable, consistent."

Pocket lint: "It's the same iPhone, but it's completely different. That's the main takeaway point for the iPhone 5's design. It's something you can't really appreciate until you get up close and personal with the new phone, but when you do, wow, you'll really notice that difference."

USA Today: "People have always had lofty expectations for the iPhone 5, especially as the competition stiffens. In delivering a fast, attractive, LTE-capable and larger-screen handset, Apple has met those expectations with a gem."

At its launch event, Apple's vice president Phil Shiller described the iPhone 5 as "the most beautiful product we have ever made."

The smartphone improves on the iPhone 4S by offering a larger 4-inch screen, faster processor, improved camera, LTE support, and a new lightning connector.

Pre-orders for the phone topped 2 million in its first 24 hours of availability, setting a new record for Apple, and doubling the 1 million in sales done by the iPhone 4S in its first 24 hours of availability. AT&T has announced that the phone is the fastest-selling device in its history, emptying the carrier's virtual store shelves within an hour of being available for pre-order.





GPS shoes use LED lights to guide you home

A London designer has created a pair of GPS-enabled shoes with LED lights that guide walkers home from anywhere in the world.

The shoes have red lights which show the direction the wearer should walk, combined with a 'progress bar' that shows how far they have to go.

They are powered by a GPS sensor built into the shoes, with an antenna that pops up at the back, and a mobile phone-style battery.

Dominic Wilcox has created a fully working prototype shoe which guides its wearer home (Picture: Dominic Wilco …


The shoes communicate with each other as the wearer walks, and will guide the wearer home from any distance.

The shoes are currently on display at an exhibition at KK Outlet in Hoxton Square in London, and were designed by Dominic Wilcox.

There is no plan as yet to bring the shoes into full production, but the prototype is fully working now.

Wilcox says, "I was commissioned by the Global Footprint project in Northamptonshire, a place famous for shoe making, to create some shoes. I decided to make a pair of shoes that can navigate you home where ever you are.

"I thought about the Wizard of Oz and how Dorothy could click her shoes together to go home. After uploading your required destination to the shoes via a piece of custom made mapping software and a USB cable, the GPS, which is embedded in the heal, is activated by a heel click.

"It then communicates to the wearer via a ring of LED lights to point in the required direction. The shoe with the GPS wirelessly communicates with the right shoe that has a progress bar of lights to show how close you are to the destination." "The progress bar starts with one red light at the beginning of the journey and ends on the green light when you arrive. The correct direction to walk is shown by the illumination of one of the LED's on the circle."




How to make the most money from your old iPhone

The iPhone 5 is finally here. But before you get yours hands on one, here's how to get the most money for your old model.

Phil Schiller, Apple's senior vice president of worldwide marketing, unveils the iPhone 5 (AP)


Unless you've been living under a rock for the past few months, you can't have missed the buzz around the new iPhone 5, which was finally unveiled this week.

It's the latest Apple product to be released and although you can't actually get your hands on it just yet, iPhone fans are already preparing to pay for the new phone by trading in their old models.


The iPhone 5

After months of speculation details have now been made public about the new phone. On first glance it doesn't look that different to the iPhone 4S, but as "The biggest thing to happen to iPhone since iPhone" (according to Apple) it has got a lot of extra gadgets thrown in.

Firstly it's thinner and lighter than previous models with a larger, four-inch display and ultrafast wireless to make internet browsing and downloading a lot quicker.  It also comes with an 'A6 chip' which helps improve the graphics, an 'iSight panoramic camera' and 'i06' – which Apple says is the world's most advanced mobile operating system.

The launch date is 21st September – so be prepared for queues outside Apple shops on this date – and if you're planning on getting one you'll also need to pre-order from 14th September.

All the mainstream providers are likely to stock the new phone although no tariffs have been released yet.


How to get the best deal for your old iPhone

If you're planning on getting the new model, either by buying it outright or through a contract, you can make some extra money by selling off your old model.

Hundreds of people have already cottoned on to this and since July there's been a 400% increase in iPhone re-sales via mobile phone trade-in comparison site sellmymobile.com.

On the site the iPhone 4S, 4 and 3S are the most popular handsets to trade in, but the amount you can get back has fallen by 10% since July so if you're looking to trade your old phone before getting the iPhone 5 you'll need to act fast.


How much is my old phone worth?

The iPhone 5 is set to retail at a hefty £529 for an unlocked 16GB version. This means if you can trade-in your old phone it'll cut a large sum off the price of the new handset.

There are several trade-in (or recycling if you prefer) websites around and on sellmymobile.com the top price for a 64GB iPhone 4S across these sites is now £325. Older models will still fetch a pretty decent return of £172.61 for a 16GB iPhone 4 and £87 for a 16GB 3GS model.

The bonus of using sellmymobile is that if you do find the phone you've traded in at a higher price on another website within 24 hours of the sale, it'll refund you double the difference.


Top 10 most recycled phones

Position*

Phone

Highest trade-in price

Lowest trade-in price

1

Apple iPhone 4 16GB

£172

£117

2

Apple iPhone 4S 16GB

£300

£140

3

Apple iPhone 3S 16GB

£90

£44

4

Blackberry Curve 8520

£44

£25

5

Samsung Galaxy S i9100

£206

£70

6

Apple iPhone 4 32GB

£190

£117

7

Samsung Galaxy S i9000

£85

£40

8

Blackberry Bold 9700

£81

£41

9

Apple iPhone 3G 8GB

£57

£17

10

Blackberry Curve 9300

£50

£27

*source:sellmymobile.com


Other options

While it's a useful comparison, sellmymobile doesn't list all of the trade-in sites out there. You might also want to check the likes of Tesco Mobile Recycle and Mazuma Mobile.


Offered a lower price?

In the past lovemoney readers have said that some trade-in websites have contacted them with a lower price once they've received the phone, even for handsets that were in pefect working order. You can try to negotiate but if you're not happy ask for the phone to be sent back to you. You'll more than likely have to pay the return postage.


eBay

You could also try your luck on auction website eBay but a quick scan of the listings showed comparable, and in some cases lower, prices than we found on sellmymobile.


The cheapest way to get a new phone

There are many ways to buy a new phone but the cheapest is generally buying the handset up front and using a SIM-only tariff. As a SIM-only deal won't tie you into a long contract, you've got the flexibility of switching to better deals as and when they come along.

As you've bought your phone direct from the retailer it will also be unlocked so you'll be able to make more money when you trade it in.

If you don't have the money to do this, a longer contract will be best as the phone costs are then absorbed into monthly payments.





Guinness World Records 2013

The world's largest biceps and triceps
Over 120 million copies of the Guinness World Records book have sold around the world and the 2013 version is now available, with the usual collection of incredible people and feats on show
Guinness World Records-Here's a new take on the saying 'welcome to the gun show'. Moustafa Adel Ismail has the world's largest biceps and triceps; his right upper-arm circumference is 63.5 cm (25 in) flexed and 60.96 cm (24 in) non-flexed, and his left upper-arm circumference is 64.77 cm (25.5 in) flexed and 62.23 cm (24.5 in) non-flexed. Moustafa, trains six days a week and eats six meals a day, said: 'I have been working out for the last 11 years to get muscles this big'. He hopes his newfound fame will be the springboard to become a professional body builder and plans to compete in 'naturally enhanced body-building competitions.

The oldest Gymnast: Johanna Quaas (Germany) – 86 years old

The oldest Gymnast: Johanna Quaas (Germany) – 86 years old

Guinness World Records-Johanna Quaas, 86, from Leipzig only began to train at gymnastics in her 50s and is now recognised as the world's Oldest Gymnast. In the last 30 years Johanna has won 11 major championships. To keep in shape for competition, Joanna has a strict exercise regime that involves a combination of gym workouts, running, and yoga. Johanna says that it's 'a great feeling to be in the Guinness World Records book. I hope the record inspires others to realise it's never too late to try something new.

Heaviest Sportswoman: Sharran Alexander (UK) – 203.21 kg (32 stone)

Heaviest Sportswoman: Sharran Alexander (UK) – 203.21 kg (32 stone)

Guinness World Records-Sharran Alexander, 46, stands 6ft tall, weighs 32 stone is Britain's only female sumo wrestler and is now the world's Heaviest Sportswoman. Sharran consumes 5,000 calories a day, and to build strength and stamina she swims and walks. Sharran said: 'I used to be ashamed of my size. But after taking up sumo I learned to love my body. The Guinness World Records recognition tops it off.

Tallest Donkey: Oklahoma Sam (USA) - 155.45 cm (5ft 1 in)

Tallest Donkey: Oklahoma Sam (USA) - 155.45 cm (5ft 1 in)

Guinness World Records- mule named 'Oklahoma Sam' is today celebrating being crowned the 'Tallest Living Donkey' on the planet. Measuring 15.3 hands (155.45 cm; 5ft 1in) tall, she dwarfs the common donkey (8 hands high) and her own larger 'Mammoth Jackstock' breed (12 hands high). Sam's overall care is handled by 54-year-old Linda Davis, a keen gardener and animal lover. Linda, who calls Sam her 'soul mate', says: 'It actually doesn't cost anymore to have a donkey of this size. He doesn't eat more. In fact, if I give him more bale he'll just use it to make his bedding more comfortable. He loves his sleep.

Tallest Dog: Zeus (USA) – 111.8 cm (44in)

Tallest Dog: Zeus (USA) – 111.8 cm (44 in)

Guinness World Records-Just look at the size of this dog. Zeus is a 3-year-old Great Dane from Michigan and measures an incredible 111.8 cm (44 in) from foot to withers: the same size as a donkey. Standing on hind legs, Zeus stretches to 7 ft 4 in and towers over his owner Denise Doorlag. Denise said: 'Zeus is an awesome dog,' says owner Denise. 'The only downside is that everything costs more; the food, medicines, transport. We had to get a van to be able to transport him, and if he steps on your foot- he leaves bruises.

Shortest Bull: Archie (Northern Ireland) – 76.2 cm (30 in)

Shortest Bull: Archie (Northern Ireland) – 76.2 cm (30 in)

Guinness World Records-Archie, a 29-month-old Dexter from County Antrim, Northern Ireland, is today recognised as the Shortest Bull in the world. He measures just 76.2 cm (30 in) from the hoof to the withers, 15 inches shorter than other bulls of his breed (typically 45 in). His height means that he's dwarfed by the other animals at his farm, including even the dogs and goats.





Top 10 Tourist Spots of Pakistan

TAXILA

TAXILA

An important Hindu and Buddhist centre, Taxila was a great centre of learning which attracted students from far off lands. It came under Buddhist, Greek, and Persian influence, remnants of which remain. Bearing the tag of one of the ancient universities of India, Taxila, deriving its name from Taksa, the great gransdon of Bharata, is a World Heritage Site of UNESCO that lies 30 km from Islamabad. The capital of the Buddhist kingdom of Gandhara, it came under Persian rule in 326 BC and was later ceded to Alexander the Great. The Huns destroyed it around the 5th century BC.

MAKRAN

MAKRAN

Makran, a partial desert coastal strip in Balochistan, has some of the best and unspoiled beaches in the world. Running along the Arabian Sea, the coastline is envisaged as a centre for surfing and scuba diving. The rugged mountain strip and quiet fishing villages enhance its appeal as a remote and isolated tourist destination.

Mohenjo-daro

Mohenjo-daro

Mohenjo-daro or "mound of the dead" in Sindha, was a huge settlement of the Indus Valley Civilization at around 2600 BC. One of the earliest well-organized habitations known to mankind, the excavations at the site reveal it to have been one of the most advanced townships in South Asia. The city was an engineering marvel and its planned layout talks of sophisticated town planning. Mohenjo-daro is also a World Heritage Site. A bronze statuette of a "dancing girl", said to be about 4500 years old, is the most famous face relating to Mohenjo-daro, which was excavated in 1926.

Khyber Pass

Khyber Pass

Part of the ancient silk route, Khyber Pass links Peshawar in Pakistan with Kabul in Afghanistan. The mountain pass is part of the Hindu Kush range and has been the trade route between South and Central Asia. The Khyber Pass, at an elevation of 1070 metres, is the route through which the Aryans came to India, it is said. Alexander the Great and the series of Muslim invasions took place through the pass. One can have a glimpse of the famous Pashtun hospitality, culture, and cuisine, as it is they who mostly live here.

Lahore

Lahore

The capital of Punjab, Lahore has much more to it than being just 25 km away from the Wagah border. Lying on the Ravi river, Lahore has a rich cultural history that begs to be savoured. Culturally vibrant, the bazaars in the lanes and alleys of the city sell traditional ware such as hand-embroidered clothes, fabrics, leather good, trinkets, glass bangles, and beaten gold and silver jewelry. Full of mausoleums and monuments, the Shalimar Gardens, Lahore Fort and the Minar-e-Pakistan are three major tourist spots in a city also known for its food street, Gowalmandi, where the best of traditional Pakistani cuisine is available.

Northern mountains

Northern mountains

Snow-clad peaks, lead by K2, at 8611 metres, is the highest mountain in the world, running in northern Pakistan. Pristine valleys and glaciers make it a tourist paradise. The folk costumes, dances and culture of the people in these areas make travelling here a unique experience. The area also has some of the longest glaciers outside of the Polar region including the Siachen. The beautiful Swat Valley, made notorious by the Taliban, is part of the Hindu Kush range in the region. Shandur pass here houses the world`s highest polo ground.

MughaL Heritage

MughaL Heritage

Pakistan is full of Mughal architecture. Besides Lahore, important tombs, mosques, forts and other monuments dot the country. Multan, Derawar and Bahawalpur house some of them. Rani Kot Fort, located in Jamshoro district, Sindh, is the largest fort in the world. The Badashahi mosque opposite the Lahore Fort, the tombs of Jahangir, Akbari Sarai and Shah Jahan and the edicts of Shahbazgari and Mansehra rock edicts are among the important historical monuments.

Deosai Plateau

Deosai Plateau

One of the most beautiful regions of Pakistan, the Deosai plateau is the second highest plateau in the world next only to Tibet. Spring is the season to visit the place, as it bursts into a riot of colours with wild blooms. Fishing and camping sites abound. Enclosed by snow-clad peaks, the Nanga Parbat is visible from here. Edelweiss (flowers) carpet the area.

Karimabad

Karimabad

It is to tourists from West Pakistan that Karimabad in Hunza valley caters to. Said to be one of the top tourist spots of the country, Karimabad is full of mountains, deep gorges and glaciers. The mountain slopes are covered with colourful flowers. Apricots grow in abundance here. The misleading name of Hunza water for an alcoholic drink is a popular local brew. The Rakaposhi mountain in the Karakoram range is the centre for adventures sports.

Kalash Valley

Kalash Valley

Nestled in remote locations of Chitral District in the North West Frontier Province, the customs and lifestyle of the people of the Kalash Valley is like none other in the country. They are said to be the descendents of Alexander the Great. Some historians hold that they hail from Nuristan of Afghanistan. Their language has an Indo-European genesis with several dialects. Folklore, songs and epics abound as part of their oral tradition. They have quaint festivals and funeral rites, all of which makes a visit to their habitation an interesting experience.





Is Apple's iPhone 5 Boring?

Smartphone Has Larger Screen, Connects to 4G Networks but Lacks Some Features Found in Rivals

<p>               Apple CEO Tim Cook speaks in front of an image of the iPhone 5 during an Apple event in San Francisco, Wednesday, Sept. 12, 2012. (AP Photo/Jeff Chiu)


Apple Inc.'s (AAPL) iPhone has been a trendsetter for half a decade. Now the question is whether it can avoid becoming a bore.

On Wednesday, Apple unveiled the iPhone 5, packed with new features. The phone is thinner and has a bigger display. It can connect to 4G data networks and has faster processing. Its Siri virtual assistant has grown more powerful.

Yet few heralded the new device as a great leap forward. What's more, the iPhone 5 doesn't have several features that are becoming standard across other smartphones. Those features, such as ways to pay with your phone or even bigger screens, are generating strong reviews from consumers and technology critics.

Those reviewers, quick to call winners and losers in the space, have spent the last few months lamenting that the iPhone doesn't offer more. Even some hard-core Apple fans questioned whether the iPhone can continue to trail blaze or if it's becoming a snoozer. One Apple employee recently confided he had been hoping the new device would have more dramatic changes.

Whether the missing features matter remains to be seen. Tech bloggers Wednesday were gushing over the slick look of the iPhone 5 and analysts are expecting big sales. Consumers world-wide have eagerly snapped up incremental versions of the iPhone in the past. When the iPhone 4S went on sale last October, Apple more than doubled sales to 37 million iPhones that quarter.

Still, the technology gaps are getting more attention. Here's a sampling of what the iPhone 5, available Sept. 21, is missing:

Digital Payments: Some new Google Inc. (GOOG) Android phones, including the Galaxy Nexus, and coming Windows Phones have a near-field communication, or NFC, chip that powers digital-wallet services. They allow users to pay for goods at certain retailers by tapping their phones. The new iPhone still lacks NFC and has taken only small steps toward payments with a new digital-coupon and loyalty-card service called Passbook.

Touch to Share: Most new Android phones, including Samsung Electronics Co.'s (005930.SE) Galaxy S III, can share media by touching the devices together (again thanks to NFC). The phones can share photos, videos, contacts and Web pages this way, as well as information between apps. The iPhone can't (although there are third-party iPhone apps that enable some similar features).

Dynamic Home Screens: The iPhone is sticking to a home screen of static icons that people must tap to load. Lots of Android phones offer more customizable modules that push information that is otherwise buried in apps.

These Android widgets let consumers see content like weather or Facebook updates on their home screen. Rather than see an icon for their email application, say, people can see their actual emails. Windows Phones, including one expected from Nokia Corp. (NOK) later this year, offer home-screen tiles that provide something similar. (The iPhone does push some notifications—like Facebook updates—to the unlock screen, which is a first step.)

Face Unlock: Many new Android phones use facial recognition to allow people to gain access to their phone just by looking at it. IPhone users are still swiping screens with their fingers to unlock their devices.

Even Bigger Screens: While larger than the last iPhone, the iPhone 5's four-inch screen is smaller than some phones on the market, such as the Samsung Galaxy S III, which is 4.8 inches. Indeed, phones with screens as big as 5 inches are hitting the market.

Wireless Charging: Nokia's new phone running the Windows Phone 8 operating system can be charged without a cord. All you have to do is place the device on a pad that supports a wireless charging standard called Qi. The iPhone 5 has a new charger that is much smaller, but it still has a cord.





Highest-Calorie Menu Item at McDonald's? Not a Burger

Torn between a Big Mac and a Double Quarter Pounder with Cheese?

McDonald's Corp. (MCD) customers will have an easier time of it next week, when the burger giant's restaurant and drive-thru menu boards across the country will show that the Big Mac, at 550 calories, is 200 calories leaner than the other burger.

But other choices won't be so clear-cut, like the Double Cheeseburger with 440 calories or the Southwest Salad with Crispy Chicken, which weighs in at 450. McDonald's highest-calorie item isn't a burger at all, but the 1,150-calorie Big breakfast with hotcakes and large biscuit. And the healthy-sounding 22-ounce mango pineapple smoothie matches the 350 calories in the grilled chicken sandwich. (Click here for a PDF of McDonald's USA Nutrition Facts for Popular Menu Items.)




Some chains, such as Panera Bread Co. (PNRA) and Au Bon Pain, already post calories on their menus, but McDonald's is the largest chain and the first fast-food company to do so on a national level.

The push is part of an effort to get out ahead of federal menu-labeling requirements. There is a market need to it too—McDonald's want to convey to customers that its not just selling junk food. The company last year added apples to all of its kids' meals and made the servings of fries smaller.

Some regional studies suggest that having nutritional information available when ordering a meal prompts people to buy healthier items. Other studies have found no such change in consumer behavior. But considering how prominent restaurants have become in the American diet, any change could have an effect on obesity rates.

Americans now consume roughly a third of their calories from restaurants, up from less than a quarter in the 1970s, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. And people spend about half of their food budgets at restaurants now, compared to a third in the 1970s.

A Stanford Graduate School of Business study found that when Starbucks Corp. (SBUX) began posting calorie information in its New York City stores in April 2008, as required by city law, customers ordered items containing 6% fewer calories on average per transaction.

"If we see a similar effect from other chains you'd see about a 30-calorie per person per day decrease," said Margo Wootan, director of nutrition policy at the Center for Science in the Public Interest. "The thing about obesity is it's caused by a slow, steady creep in people's weight over decades. For most of us, we're gaining one to two pounds per year steadily over decades and end up being 30 to 50 pounds overweight. The obesity epidemic is explained by about 100 extra calories per person per day, so if we get a daily 30-calorie decrease from menu labeling, that's huge."Shortly after Panera Bread posted calorie counts on its menu boards in April 2010, the company noticed that 20% of customers began ordering lower-calorie items.

"We think it's an important ingredient in respecting our customers and treating them as intelligent people who can make smart choices for themselves," Panera founder and co-CEO Ron Shaich said in an interview.

But some caution that consumers in large numbers may not be swayed by the extra information.

A report published last year in the International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, which reviewed seven studies on the topic, found that "calorie labeling does not have the intended effect of decreasing calorie purchasing or consumption."

Even McDonald's hasn't yet noticed a comprehensive change in behavior in the cities and states that have already mandated calorie counts to be posted. "It hasn't seemed to have made a difference, but what it says to the customer is, 'We care about you and want to provide you with the most detailed information possible,' " McDonald's USA president Jan Fields said in an interview.

New regulations requiring operators of restaurants with 20 or more outlets to post calories on menus are expected to take effect by the end of next year.

Even if consumers aren't quick to change their buying habits, restaurants, in anticipation of the coming regulation, are doing the work for them.

Numerous chains have either reformulated menu items to be healthier or have started steering consumers to lower-calorie choices.

A study published last month in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics found that 26% of entrees at 37 restaurant chains studied in King County, Washington, had reduced calories 18 months after a menu-labeling law took effect there.

California Pizza Kitchen Inc. has a "small plates" section on its menu, as does The Cheesecake Factory; Denny's Corp. has "Fit Fare"; Applebee's Neighborhood Grill & Bar, a unit of DineEquity Inc., has a menu featuring items under 550 calories, and McDonald's recently grouped several menu items under the heading "Favorites Under 400 Calories."

Glenn Kikuchi, owner of 10 McDonald's franchises in Maryland, said he's already seen signs that the highlighted calorie counts are having an effect.





iPhone 5 – Is it Worth the Money?

The iPhone 5 boasts a bigger screen, faster processor, and a new connector. But it is worth your hard-earned dollars?

Bigger Screen
The body of the iPhone 5 has been elongated, adding about a quarter inch to the screen height without changing the width. This will allow for HD video to display in its true 16:9 format and give game designers more real estate to work with.  While the body is longer, the iPhone 5 is 18% thinner than the iPhone 4S — and 20% lighter.

Faster Processor
The brains of the iPhone have been given a significant bump and now have a faster processor than even the new iPad. According to Apple, the new A6 chipset will result in applications loading twice as fast, graphics running smoother and photos capturing 40% faster.

The Camera
The camera has gotten 25% smaller, has better low light processing, and can produce panoramic images. The video camera can shoot 1080p HD video, has improved video stabilization, and allows you to take still pictures simultaneously while you shoot video. Apple's video conferencing app, Facetime, will now transmit HD video, and Facetime can be enabled over cellular networks and WiFi alike.

LTE Data & Battery Life
The new iPhone will connect up with AT&T, Sprint, and Verizon's faster LTE data networks. This will mean significant increases in web browsing and download speeds. This data network is a notorious drain on battery life, so Apple made a big call-out that the battery life of the phone will remain consistent if not a little better (10% improvement overall) than battery life on past iPhones. They claim 8 hours of talk time, 225 hours of stand-by, and 8 hours of LTE web browsing.

Smaller Dock Connector
The 30-pin dock connector that has come standard on every iPhone to date was certainly due for an upgrade. It takes up a lot of space, and it was big entry spot for dust and moisture. Apple has introduced an 80% smaller connector they are calling Lightning that can be plugged into the phone in any direction, offers faster data transfer, and better durability. But given the $3 billion a year accessory market for iPhones and iPads, this switch will be painful and costly as users are forced to buy extra charging cables, docking speakers/alarm clocks or cases.  Apple will be selling adapters for $29 that will ship in October.

IOS 6
The IOS operating system has over 200 changes, the biggest of which is turn-by-turn navigation using Apple's own maps and 3D bird's-eye images. There will be deeper social media integration within the operating system for posting to Facebook and Tweeting, and the web browser will now allow a full screen view that takes advantage of the bigger screen.

Price, Timing, and Design Options
The new iPhone will come in black and white with a new, brushed metal back. It will be available for pre-order September 14th and in stores September 21st. The 16GB model will retail for $199, 32GB for $299, 64GB for $399. The iPhone 4S goes down in price to $99. Initial countries where the iPhone 5 will be available: United States, Canada, UK, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Germany, France, and Australia, Availability in more countries by the end of the year.

What We Didn't See
The online rumor mill did a very good job guessing what the iPhone 5 would look like, but a few out-there predictions that didn't come true: no T-Mobile iPhone, no liquid metal back, no holographic projector or wafer-thin design.

Is it Worth the Upgrade?
The iPhone 4S was only a superficial upgrade to the device, and I did not recommend an upgrade except for those who really needed a new phone. But the iPhone 5 is an iterative step forward from Apple. The faster processor, speed increases from LTE data networks, a better and faster camera, and consistent battery life despite the LTE drain (real world tests pending), make this a worthy purchase.

Would I upgrade out of cycle if I had the iPhone 4S? No. But if you have an iPhone 4 or older, I say reach for the iPhone 5 if you can. Personally, I have been using a Samsung Galaxy SII for the last 6 months and I will be switching back to the iPhone 5 now that it has faster data, with the hope that my battery will last all day.

Specs in a nutshell:
Weight: 112 grams (20 percent lighter than 4s)
Thickness: 7.6 mm (18 percent thinner)
Screen: 4-inch display (up from 3.5 inches), 1136x640 pixel resolution (up from 960x640), a fifth row of icons on the screen, 44 percent more color saturation
Connectivity: LTE network compatible, available on Verizon/Sprint/ATT
Processor: new A6 chip (processor and graphics are 2x faster).
Battery: 8 hours talk time, 8 hours browsing, 10 hours wifi browsing, 10 hours video, 40 hours music, 225 hours standby.
Camera: 8 mp, 3264x2448 resolution, f/2.4 aperture, 25% smaller, improved low-light quality, panorama feature, 1080p HD video, front-facing Facetime camera updated (720p) and face detection, improved mics and speakers.
Dock and connector: New connector is called Lightning, 8 pin, reversible (adaptor available for current connector).





How Many Calories Does Your Favorite Drink Have?

Yes, some common daily beverages pack the calorie count of serious junk food! Back in 2010, experts reported that women were downing 56 percent more calories a day from drinks than they had been 30 years ago. Now a new study from Purdue University tells us why: Researchers found that when subjects ate solid food, they mentally registered the calories they were taking in-but when they drank a liquid form of the same food, they didn't. "We often equate consumption with chewing, not drinking," explains Joan Salge Blake, R.D., a spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. But guess what: Calories are calories, whether you chew 'em or chug! Check it out.-

A 16-oz. breakfast smoothie (470 cals) might as well be a double cheese-burger (450 cals)
Smoothies
can be a great way to get fruits and veggies into your diet-but they can also be brimming with added sugar. Make sure yours has whole fruit and no mixers.

-

A frozen mocha with whipped cream (560 cals) might as well be a five-layer beef burrito (540 cals)
Milk is calcium-rich, so
that's good. But the calories in some coffee-bar drinks? Sheesh! Keep yours lower-cal by asking for skim and skipping the whipped cream.
Photo by: CN Digital Studio
A frozen mocha with whipped cream (560 cals) might as well be a five-layer beef burrito (540 cals)

Milk is calcium-rich, so
that's good. But the calories in some coffee-bar drinks? Sheesh! Keep yours lower-cal by asking for skim and skipping the whipped cream.

-
A large sweet iced tea (291 cals) might as well be a small order of fries (271 cals)
Calorie giveaway? Anything that has sweet in its name. Plus, the extra sugar makes insulin levels spike, says Blake, so "you'll be hungrier sooner than if you just ate the fries."
Photo by: Gourmet/Yanes, Romulo A
A large sweet iced tea (291 cals) might as well be a small order of fries (271 cals)

Calorie giveaway? Anything that has sweet in its name. Plus, the extra sugar makes insulin levels spike, says Blake, so "you'll be hungrier sooner than if you just ate the fries."


-
A soda (152 cals) might as well be a bag of nacho cheese chips (150 cals)
For those of you who can't get through the day without your afternoon caffeine (we've all been there), reach for a skim iced coffee (30 calories) or green tea (a calorie freebie).
Photo by: CN Digital Studio; Gourmet
A soda (152 cals) might as well be a bag of nacho cheese chips (150 cals)

For those of you who can't get through the day without your afternoon caffeine (we've all been there), reach for a skim iced coffee (30 calories) or green tea (a calorie freebie).


-
Gourmet/Yanes, Romulo A
A mojito (225 cals) might as well be two brownies (224 cals)
Nutritionist truth: A mojito is basically dessert. You just have to plan your meal accordingly-or
pick champagne instead; it's only 78 calories per glass.